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The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition (University of Chicago Press, 2017) offers two basic citation systems: 1) The Notes-Bibliography system, recommended for literature, history, and the arts; and 2) The Author-Date system, recommended for the physical, natural, and social sciences. For a brief overview of both systems, please see the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide, provided on the publisher's website. For more specific examples, please see Chapters 14 and 15 of The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.
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Examples are shown for the Author-Date system which is recommended for the physical, natural, and social sciences. Reference items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper. In-Text citations are noted in the body of the paper.
Journal Article (One Author)Reference List: Terborgh, James. 1974. "Preservation of Natural Diversity: The Problem of Extinction-prone Species." Bioscience 24: 715-22. In-Text: (Terborgh 1974, 720) |
Reference List:
Bolzan, John F. and Kristen C. Jezek. 2000. "Accumulation Rate Changes in Central Greenland from Passive Microwave Data." Polar Geography 27(4): 277-319.
In-Text:
(Bolzan and Jezek 2000, 280)
Newspaper ArticleReference List: Zamiska, Nicholas and Nicholas Casey. 2007. "Toy Makers Face Dilemma Over Supplier." Wall Street Journal, August 17. Corporate Focus Section. In-Text: (Zamiska and Casey 2007) |
Examples are shown for the Author-Date system which is recommended for the physical, natural and social sciences. Reference items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper. In-Text citations are noted in the body of the paper.
Books (One Author)Reference List: Kourik, Robert. 1998. The Lavender Garden: Beautiful Varieties to Grow and Gather. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. In-Text: (Kourik 1998, 72) |
Reference List:
Flinders, David J. and Geoffrey E. Mills, eds. 1993. Theory and Concepts in Qualitative Research: Perspectives from the Field. New York: Teachers College Press.
In-Text:
(Flinders and Mills 1993, 106-8)
Books (Corporate or Organization Author)Reference List: Ohio State University. Natural Resources Institute. 1959. A Directory of Ohio Facilities and Services for Resource Conservation. Columbus: Natural Resources Institute. In-Text: (Ohio State 1959, 33) |
Examples are shown for the Author-Date system which is recommended for the physical, natural and social sciences. Reference items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper. In-Text citations are noted in the body of the paper.
Electronic Journal ArticleReference List: Thomas, Trevor M. 1956. "Wales: Land of Mines and Quarries." Geographical Review 46, no.1: (January), http://www.jstor.org/stable/211962. In-Text: (Thomas 1956) |
Reference List:
Rollin, Bernard E. 1998. The Unheeded Cry: Animal Consciousness, Animal Pain, and Science. Ames, IA: The Iowa State University Press. http://www.netlibrary.com.
In-Text:
(Rollin 1998)
Web SiteReference List: Hermans-Killam, Linda. 2010. "Infrared Astronomy." California Institute of Technology. Accessed Sept 21. http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/. In-Text: (Hermans-Killam) |
Examples are shown for the Author-Date system which is recommended for the physical, natural and social sciences. Reference items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper. In-Text citations are noted in the body of the paper.
Thesis or DissertationReference List: Karcz, J. 2006. First-principles Examination of Molecule Formation in Interstellar Grains. PhD diss., Cornell University. In-Text: (Karcz 2006) |
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