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Scholarly research metrics are measures used to quantify the influence or impact of scholarly work. Some common metrics include bibliometrics (methods to analyze and track scholarly literature) and altmetrics (measures developed to track the immediate impact of scholarly works, such as views and downloads).
Scholarly research metrics offer a quantifiable and objective means of comparing scholarly work for promotion, tenure, and funding decisions. However, they have notable weaknesses, including limited database coverage, a failure to consider disciplinary differences in scholarly output and citation rates, and an over-reliance on a single metric or quantitative measures by administrators and funders, rather than incorporating qualitative assessment. Additionally, traditional scholarly research metrics also fail to adequately track the impact of scholarship in the arts and humanities. Finally, inherent biases within the research metrics themselves are a common critique.
This Guide contains information about what metrics are available and where they can be found. The information is organized by the level of measurement , i.e. individual articles or books, journals, authors, or institutions/research groups.
Snowball Metrics is an initiative of a number of research intensive universities worldwide to "agree on methodologies that are robustly and clearly defined, so that the metrics they describe enable the confident comparison of apples with apples. These metrics are data source- and system-agnostics, meaning that they are not tied to any particular provider of data or tools." The metrics are described in detail in the Snowball Metrics Recipe Book and some sources will label a particular metric with their symbol.
The Leiden Manifesto, published in Nature in 2015, lays out ten principles to guide the use of metrics in research evaluation.
DORA or the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (2012) provides recommendations to improve the ways that research is evaluated.
The Metric Tide (2015) is a review of the role of metrics in research assessment and management.