GEOG 3900

• Google Scholar

Google Scholar covers a wide range of topics.

Use the above link to you can make sure Google Scholar works best for you on or off campus.  In order to better use it, connect it to OSU by going to Settings > Library links (on left) and then search for Ohio State. Check the option The Ohio State University Libraries - Find It @ OSU.

Important Citation Advice:

• If you are not required to use a specific style, pick a style and stick to it. 
• Some resources may provide a citation for you to use - these provided citations may be in different styles, so do not copy/paste without editing to be in the style being used.
• See below for options to get guides and tools for formatting bibliographies and proper citation methods.
• Choose a Citation Manager and stick with it. The OSU Libraries has access to RefWorks and EndNote. Zotero is a popular free tool. This guide will focus on RefWorks. A Citation guide allows you to organize your multiple research projects/courses and output bibliographies, also offering option to integrate into Wordd.
• ALWAYS check the quality of any output citation against the item used (not the database you found it in or another work's bibliography). No tool is perfect and another work's bibliography may have errors. 

Choosing Citation Styles in RefWorks

When you go to output your citation (click on the symbol that looks like quotation mark), you can choose a citation style from MANY different options. For example, you can search for American Geophysical Union (AGU) and then choose that option. You can click on the star so it's among your defaults.  

The most common citation styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago.

The final decision on whether or not you can use ChatGPT or AI in your assignments is up to your course instructor. You should consider the following if allowed to use it:

• Be aware that AI / ChatGPT is NOT immune from errors or incorrect information. There is even evidence of fake citations (to works that don't exist).
• AI / ChatGPT, like many other information sources, will cite other works. If what is important is in that other work, it is ideal to locate that work and examine it yourself rather than citing a work that is citing another work.  For example, if ChatGPT cites a journal article, and you find what ChatGPT indicates about that article is valuable, it is ideal for you to find, examine, use, and cite that article instead.
• Always cite all sources, ncluding AI / ChatGPT, properly. 

The three major citation styles address how to properly cite AI / ChatGPT:

• APA
• MLA
• Chicago

If you are using another style, consult that style to determine their suggestions for citing ChatGPT or other AI. Please reach out to me if you have questions.

You'll see some important buttons while using the OSU Libraries resouces. Especially important are these 4:

Where: OSU Library Catalog.

What: Have an item sent to another location for pickup or recall an item checked out.

Where: OSU Library Catalog.

What: Check for access of an individual item via OhioLINK - such as an item checked out at OSU. Also repeats searches in the OhioLINK catalog to see additional options for your need.

Where: OhioLINK Catalog

What: Click to have an item delivered to OSU from an OhioLINK library.

Where: Library Databases

What: Check for online access to journal articles, conference papers, and more. Also gives interlibrary loan option if item is not available online.

Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago

Spatial distribution of δ18O in meteoric precipitation

Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the northern hemisphere

A 1000-year high precision record of δ13C in atmospheric CO2

Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: Roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptation

High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: Interpretation, integration and comparison with general circulation model control-run temperatures

Climate over past millennia

Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years

European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500

Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and medieval climate anomaly

A younger, thinner arctic ice cover: Increased potential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss

Palaeo-climate reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems: A review

Highly variable northern hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data

A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: Refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy

Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: A new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures? 

Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation

A high-resolution millennial record of the south Asian monsoon from Himalayan ice cores

Persistent positive north Atlantic oscillation mode dominated the medieval climate anomaly

Mid- to late Holocene climate change: An overview

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the east Asian monsoon