Speech and Hearing Research Guide

Despite traumatic brain injury (TBI) being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., substantial unmet needs persist in TBI prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. The National Academies Forum on Traumatic Brain Injury hosted a public workshop in April 2024 to explore examples of recent research, development, and implementation of TBI diagnostic biomarkers, injury prevention technologies, clinical decision tools, and treatment approaches. Discussions explored examples of needs, opportunities, and challenges influencing innovation.

The management of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is centred on the intensive care management to limit the extent of secondary injury to the brain, following the primary trauma. This management aims to optimise the homeostatic environment of the brain after injury and can be guided by multi-modality monitoring, including intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. This management often follows a tiered approach to introducing more aggressive interventions to correct physiology, based on evidence for ongoing secondary injury, such as raised ICP. The balance between risk and benefit for these interventions for individual patients is difficult, particularly in the absence of high quality randomised trials for many interventions in this area. In this Element, the authors outline both the approach to intensive care management of moderate and severe TBI, as well as the evidence base available for the interventions discussed.

This empirically-based book provides conceptual knowledge and practical advice to enable clinicians to implement evidence-based methods drawn from learning theory for managing the catastrophic effects of challenging behaviour as an enduring outcome of acquired brain injury (ABI).

This Open Access book is the first to provide clinicians with practical guidelines to explain the most frequently occurring neonatal brain injuries to parents and caretakers. The brains of high-risk neonates are vulnerable to injury, and brain injuries are among the most serious complications in babies admitted to neonatal intensive care units. In addition to basic explanations about the origin, extent, severity, consequences, and treatment options of different types of brain injury, the book provides illustrations and representative brain imaging examples that enable clinicians to provide parents with necessary information, presented in a clear and concise way, using lay language and explanatory drawings. There is also a section in each chapter for parents to have for themselves. Therefore, this book is a valuable resource for practitioners from various disciplines, including neonatologists, pediatricians, neurologists, (neuro- and pediatric-) radiologists, neonatal nurse specialists, and physician assistants.