Oxford African American Studies Center A digital compendium of historical and cultural Africa, African American, and Africans in the Diaspora resources.
Celebrating the Centennial of Malcolm X
"Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, was a powerful voice for Black empowerment and racial and economic justice. After the murder of his father, and a difficult childhood, he transformed his life during a prison sentence, embracing the Nation of Islam’s teachings and emerging as a prominent leader. Advocating for Black Power, self-defense, and economic independence, he challenged systemic racism with bold, assertive rhetoric promoting unity and global solidarity. Assassinated on February 21, 1965, Malcolm X's legacy endures as a symbol of resilience, transformation, and the fight against oppression, inspiring worldwide Black pride."
From: Malcolm X: From Radical Empowerment to Global Solidarity The New Hampshire Center for Justice & Equity (NHCJE) Icon Series.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Essential
X, Malcolm and Haley, Alex. 1992. The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley. New York: Ballantine Books
X, Malcolm and Haley, Alex. 1965. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Press.
X, Malcolm. 1992. By Any Means Necessary: Malcolm X Speeches & Writings, 2nd ed. New York: Pathfinder Press.
X, Malcolm. 1992. February 1965: The Final Speeches. New York: Pathfinder Press.
X, Malcolm. 2024. Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements. New York: Grove Press.
Kendi, Ibram X. 2025. Malcolm Lives! The Official Biography of Malcolm X for Young Readers. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.
Marable, Manning. 2011. Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking.
Marable, Manning and Garrett Felber, eds. 2013. The Portable Malcolm X Reader. New York: Penguin.
Whitaker, Mark. 2025. The Afterlife of Malcolm X: An Outcast Turned Icon’s Enduring Impact on America. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Relevant
Breitman, George 1967. The Last Year of Malcolm X: The Evolution of a Revolutionary. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Breitman, George. 1991. The Assassination of Malcolm X, 3rd ed. New York: Pathfinder. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Conyers, James L., Jr. and Andrew P. Smallwood, eds. 2008. Malcolm X: A Historical Reader. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press.
DeCaro, Louis A. 1998. Malcolm and the Cross: The Nation of Islam, Malcolm X, and Christianity. New York: New York University Press.
Dyson, Michael Eric 1995. Making Malcolm: The Myth and Meaning of Malcolm X. New York: Oxford University Press.
Gallen, David, ed. 1992. Malcolm X: As They Knew Him. New York: Carroll & Graf.
Goldman, Peter. 1979. The Death and Life of Malcolm X, 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Helfer, Andrew. 2006. Malcolm X: A Graphic Biography. New York: Hill and Wang.
Jamal, Hakim A. 1972. From The Dead Level: Malcolm X and Me. New York: Random House.
Jenkins, Robert L. 2002. The Malcolm X Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Lee, Spike. 1992. By Any Means Necessary: The Trials and Tribulations of the Making of Malcolm X. New York: Hyperion.
Payne, Les and Tamara Payne. 2020. The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X. New York: Liveright.
Roberts, Randy and Johnny Smith. 2016. Blood Brothers: The Fatal Friendship Between Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X. New York: Basic Books.
Strickland, William; et al. 1994. Malcolm X: Make It Plain. New York: Penguin Books.
Terrill, Robert, ed. 2010. The Cambridge Companion to Malcolm X. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wood, Joe, ed. 1992. Malcolm X: In Our Image. New York: St. Martin's Press.
LETA HENDRICKS 5/25
